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Pablo Picasso: 1881-1973

October 25, 2016 By Wendy Campbell

Pablo PicassoBorn on October 25, 1881, in Málaga, Spain, Pablo Picasso (Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso) was a painter, sculptor, draughtsman, printmaker, decorative artist, and writer.  “His revolutionary artistic accomplishments, including the co-founding of Cubism, brought him universal renown making him one of the best-known figures in 20th century art.”

The son of an academic painter, José Ruiz Blasco, Picasso began to draw at an early age. In 1895, the family moved to Barcelona where Picasso studied at La Lonja Academy of Fine Arts. Picasso’s first exhibition took place in Barcelona in 1900, and that fall he traveled to Paris for the first of several stays during the early years of the century. Picasso settled in Paris in April 1904, and his circle of friends included Guillaume Apollinaire, Max Jacob, Gertrude and Leo Stein, as well as two dealers, Ambroise Vollard and Berthe Weill.

Picasso’s work is generally categorized into commonly accepted periods:

Blue Period (1901-1904) – Picasso worked in a predominantly blue palette and his imagery focused on outcasts, beggars and invalided prostitutes. He also produced  his first sculptures: a modeled figure, Seated Woman, and two bronze facial masks

Rose Period (1905-1907) – Picasso’s work was dominated by pink and flesh tints and by delicate drawing. These works were less monochromatic than those of the Blue Period. Harlequins, circus performers and clowns appear frequently in his work in this period.

Primitivism (1906-1908) – Picasso’s works made reference to forms of archaic art and made expressive use of distortion with subdued greys and earth colours and rhythmical repetitions and contrasts. Picasso made his first carved sculptures. The resistance of wood produced simplified forms similar to his paintings.

Analytic Cubism (1909-1912) – Picasso produced works where objects were deconstructed into their components. His images were increasingly transparent and difficult to interpret and characterized by a growing discontinuity of figurative fragments. From 1909, Georges Braque and Picasso worked closely together to develop Cubism. By 1911, their styles were extremely similar and during this time, it was virtually  impossible to distinguish one from the other.

Synthetic Cubism (1912–1919) – In 1912, Picasso and Braque began to incorporate elements of collage into their paintings and to experiment with the papier collé (pasted paper) technique. “Both collage and papier collé offered a new method not only of suggesting space but also of replacing conventional forms of representation with fragments of images that function as signs. During two further phases of his development of papier collé in 1913, Picasso discovered that shapes could acquire other meanings or identities simply by their arrangement, without requiring a resemblance to naturalistic appearances. A single shape might wittily and equally convincingly stand for the side of a guitar or a human head.”

Classicism and Surrealism – From 1916-1922, Picasso collaborated on ballet and theatrical productions. He designed five complete ballet productions while still maintaining his career as a painter. During the 1920s, and with the continuing influence of Cubism, Picasso created a personal form of neo-classicism where his work showed a renewed interest in drawing and figural representation. From 1925 and into the 1930s, Picasso was involved to a certain degree with the Surrealists, and from the fall of 1931 he was especially interested in making sculpture. In 1932, with large exhibitions at the Galeries Georges Petit, Paris, and the Kunsthaus Zürich, and the publication of the first volume of Christian Zervos’s catalogue raisonné, Picasso’s fame increased greatly.

“By 1936 the Spanish Civil War had profoundly affected Picasso, the expression of which culminated in his 1937 painting Guernica. After the invasion of France by the Germans in 1940, Picasso continued to live in his Paris studio. Although monitored by the German authorities, he was still able to work and even to cast some sculpture in bronze.”

In 1944, Picasso became associated with the Communist Party. From August 1947 he made ceramics at the Madoura potteries in Vallauris, partly motivated by political concerns. He also produced a considerable number of bronze sculptures in the early 1950s, including some of his best-known works in the medium.

“Picasso’s final works were a mixture of styles, his means of expression in constant flux until the end of his life. Devoting his full energies to his work, Picasso became more daring, his works more colorful and expressive, and from 1968 through 1971 he produced a torrent of paintings and hundreds of copperplate etchings. At the time these works were dismissed by most as pornographic fantasies of an impotent old man or the slapdash works of an artist who was past his prime. Only later, after Picasso’s death, when the rest of the art world had moved on from abstract expressionism, did the critical community come to see that Picasso had already discovered neo-expressionism and was, as so often before, ahead of his time.”

Pablo Picasso died on April 8, 1973 at the age of 91. He was extremely prolific throughout his career. He produced approximately 50,000 artworks including 1,885 paintings; 1,228 sculptures; 2,880 ceramics, 12,000 drawings, thousands of prints, and numerous tapestries and rugs.

For a more in-depth biography of Picasso, see the source links below and be sure to visit the On-line Picasso Project – a non-profit project that catalogues an amazingly large number of Picasso’s works and a timeline of the artist’s life. The website contains over 16,000 catalogued artworks, over 6,000 notes, and thousands of commentaries, biographical entries, and archived news articles. (note, a login is now required to access this site)

Pablo Picasso - Figures By The Sea The Kiss, 1931
Pablo Picasso - Nude Green Leaves and Bust - 1932
Pablo Picasso - The Old Guitarist - 1903
Pablo Picasso - The Kiss 1969
Pablo Picasso - Head of a Woman - 1932
Pablo Picasso - The Lovers 1923
Pablo Picasso - Portrait of the Artist's Mother. 1896
Pablo Picasso - The Kiss (The Embrace) 1925
Pablo Picasso - She Goat - 1950
Pablo Picasso - Self-Portrait - 1907
Pablo Picasso - Young Girl in Front of a Mirror - 1932
Pablo Picasso - Violín en el café - Violín, copa, botella - 1913
Portrait of the Artists Father- Pablo Picasso-1896
Pablo Picasso - Three Women - 1908-09
Pablo Picasso - Baboon and Young- 1951
Pablo Picasso - Naked under a pine tree Portrait of Jacqueline Roque with roses - 1954
Pablo Picasso - El hombre de la gorra - 1895
Pablo Picasso - Portrait of Angel Fernandez de Soto - 1903
Pablo Picasso - Three Musicians - 1921
Pablo Picasso - Dove of Peace
Picasso vs Braque
Pablo-Picasso - Bust of Man Writing - 1971
Pablo Picasso - El sueño - 1932
Don Quixote-Pablo-Picasso-1955
Pablo Picasso - Les Demoiselles d'Avignon - 1907
Pablo Picasso - La siesta - 1919
Pablo Picasso - Lying Nude Woman With Necklace - 1968
Pablo Picasso - Acróbata y joven arlequín - Rose Period 1905
Pablo Picasso - Guernica - 1937

Sources: Guggenheim, MoMA, Wikipedia

Filed Under: ART, Art History, Collage, Mixed Media, Sculpture Tagged With: cubism, Pablo Picasso, Spanish Art

Father’s Day: Portrait of the Artist’s Father

June 17, 2016 By Wendy Campbell

Happy Father’s Day all you dads out there!  In honour of this special day, DAF presents a selection of well known portraits of artist’s fathers.  Throughout history, artists have painted their fathers for numerous reasons; “as a tribute, to capture a memorable face, to work through conflicting emotions, as a family legacy, or the simple availability of a model.”

Have a great day everyone!

Artists Father-Paul Cezanne
The-Artists-Father--Pierre-Auguste-Renoir-1869
Father-Marcel-Duchamp
Max Ernst Showing a Young Girl the Head of his Father-1926-27
Portrait-of-the-Artists-Father---Gustave-Couret-1840
The-Artists-Father---Georges-Lemmen-1887
Portrait-of-My-Father-George-Wesley-Bellows-1906
Portrait of Father-Leon Kossoff-1978
Portrait of the Artists Father- Pablo Picasso-1896
Portrait of Father Galeazzo Campi-Giulio Campi - 1572
Father-Listening-to-Lorenzo-Pagans-Edgar-Degas-1869-70
Father of the Artist-MC Escher
Artist's Father Albrecht-Durer
Salvador Dali-portrait-of-the-artists-father-1925.jpg

 

Sources: Wikipedia, National Portrait Gallery

Filed Under: ART, Drawing, Painting Tagged With: Albrecht Durer, Edgar Degas, Father's Day, George Wesley Bellows, Georges Lemmen, Giulio Campi, Gustave Couret, Leon Kossoff, M.C. Escher, Marcel Duchamp, Pablo Picasso, Paul Cézanne, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Portrait of the Artist's Father, Salvador Dali

Art Quotes — #6

March 16, 2016 By Wendy Campbell

Your weekly Art Quote! Share by clicking the social buttons on the left.  See more Art Quotes here.
(Artwork by Wendy Campbell)

Picasso-Everything You Can Imagine is Real

Everything you can imagine is real. —Pablo Picasso

Join the Daily Art Fixx email list for monthly updates – for inspiration and education!

Filed Under: ART, Art Quotes, Painting Tagged With: Pablo Picasso, Quotes

Art-e-Facts: 5 Random Art Facts – XXII

February 29, 2016 By Wendy Campbell

Richard Serra-Tilted_Spheres1. Postminimalism is an art term coined by Robert Pincus-Witten in 1971 and is used to describe artistic fields which are influenced by, or attempts to develop and go beyond, the aesthetic of minimalism (a style that uses pared-down design elements).  In visual art, postminimalism art uses minimalism either as an aesthetic or conceptual reference point. More an artistic tendency than a particular movement, postminimalist artworks are typically created with everyday objects, using simple materials, and sometimes take on a formalist aesthetic (emphasizing compositional elements such as color, line, shape, texture, and other perceptual aspects rather than iconography or historical and social context).  Noted post-minimal artists include Eva Hesse and Richard Serra. Contemporary metal artist Richard Sturgeon uses the everyday materials of steel and rock to play with the concepts of balance and tension.  Wikipedia

louise-bourgeois-salon2. Louise Bourgeois Sunday Salons: Louise Bourgeois moved from Paris to New York in 1938 after marrying art historian Robert Goldwater. In 1962, the couple moved to a brownstone Chelsea apartment at 347 West 20th Street, where Louise lived for the rest of her life. Beginning in the 1970s, Bourgeois hosted Sunday salons at home where, for the next thirty years, students and young artists would come and talk about their work. Entry was open to all, with Bourgeois’ number publicly listed. Bourgeois held these salons, which she dryly referred to as “Sunday, bloody Sunday”, on a weekly basis until her death in 2010, at the age of 98. AnOther Mag

Harry_Whittier_Frees_-_What's_Delaying_My_Dinner3. The Brighton Cats:  LOLCAT photography is nothing new. During the 1870s, Brighton photographer Harry Pointer (1822-1889) became well known for a series of carte-de-visite photographs which featured his pet cats. Pointer began by taking conventional  photographs of cats resting, drinking milk or sleeping in a basket, but from around 1870 he specialised in photographing cats in a variety of poses, placing them in settings that would create a humorous image. Pointer often arranged his cats in unusual poses that mimicked human activities – a cat riding a tricycle, cats roller-skating and even a cat taking a photograph with a camera. He soon realised that even a relatively straight-forward cat photograph could be turned into an amusing or appealing image by adding a written caption and he began selling the photos. Purchasers sent the small cartes-de-visite as tiny greetings cards and the popularity of Pointer’s distinctive cat photographs increased. By 1872, Pointer had created over one hundred captioned images of cats that were collectively known as “The Brighton Cats”. Photo History Sussex

Fruit Dish and Glass - George Braques 1912

4. Papier Collé: Georges Braque’s Fruit Dish and Glass is the most famous and possibly the first Cubist papier collé, a collage made of pasted papers. In the summer of 1912, Braque and Picasso were working in Sorgues in the south of France. Braque later recalled that one day, while wandering around the nearby city of Avignon, he noticed a roll of faux bois wallpaper displayed in a shop window. Braque waited until Picasso departed for Paris before incorporating pieces of the mechanically printed, fake wood grain paper into a series of charcoal drawings. These fragments from the real world add significant meaning to the fictive world of the picture: they can be interpreted as the front drawer of the table (onto which Braque drew a circular knob), the floor, or the wall of the bar. This collage marked a turning point in Cubism. Braque later said “After having made the papier collé, I felt a great shock and it was an even greater shock to Picasso when I showed it to him.”  Met Museum

Mona_Lisa,_by_Leonardo_da_Vinci,_from_C2RMF_retouched5. Aerial Perspective or atmospheric perspective refers to the effect the atmosphere has on the appearance of an object as it is viewed from a distance. As the distance between an object and a viewer increases, the contrast between the object and its background decreases, and the contrast of any markings or details within the object also decreases. The colours of the object also become less saturated and shift towards the background color, which is usually blue, but under some conditions may be some other color (for example, at sunrise or sunset distant colors may shift towards red). Aerial perspective was used in paintings from the Netherlands in the 15th Century, and explanations of its effects were written about by polymaths such as Leonardo da Vinci who used aerial perspective in many of his paintings including the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. Atmospheric perspective was used in Pompeian Second Style paintings, one of the Pompeian Styles, dating as early as 30 BCE. Wikipedia

Filed Under: ART, Art History, Art-e-Facts, Collage, Mixed Media, Painting, Photography, Sculpture Tagged With: Aerial Perspective, Eva Hesse, George Braque, Harry Pointer, LOLCAT, Louise Bourgeois, Louise Bourgeois Sunday Salons, Pablo Picasso, Papier Collé, Postminimalism, Richard Serra, Robert Pincus-Witten, The Brighton Cats

Art Quotes — #1

January 26, 2016 By Wendy Campbell

Daily Art Fixx has added a new section to the site — Art Quotes!  Check back every week for a new quote about art, by artists, scholars, and others who have an interest in visual arts. Feel free to use and to share in social media. (background artwork by Wendy Campbell)Painting-is-just-another-way-of-keeping-a-diary---picasso

© DailyArtFixx.com – image for personal use only.

Filed Under: Art Quotes Tagged With: Pablo Picasso, painting, Quotes

Art-E-Facts: 5 Random Art Facts XII

May 7, 2010 By Wendy Campbell

1. Pyrography is the art of decorating wood or other materials with burn marks resulting from the controlled application of a heated object such as a poker. It is also known as pokerwork  or wood burning. Pyrography means “writing with fire” and is the traditional art of using a heated tip or wire to burn or scorch designs onto natural materials such as wood, leather, paper, etc. The process has been practiced by a number of cultures including the Egyptians and some African tribes since the dawn of recorded time. Pyrography is also a traditional folk art in many European countries, including Romania, Hungary, as well as countries such as Argentina in South America.

2. Fabergé Eggs are a symbol of luxury and the eggs are regarded as masterpieces of the jeweller’s art. The House of Fabergé made thousands of jeweled eggs  from 1885 through 1917. The most famous eggs  were the larger Imperial Easter Eggs made for Alexander III and Nicholas II of Russia. Fabergé was given complete creative freedom in creating the eggs.  The only stipulations were that each egg must be unique and must contain a surprise. The eggs were made with precious metals or hard stones decorated with combinations of enamel and gem stones.

3. Environmental Art is art that helps improve and create awareness about our relationship with the natural world. It may include the use of  recycled/ reclaimed materials and resources in an eco-friendly way to create art. It may also interpret nature and its processes, educate us about environmental problems, and show concern about environmental forces and materials.  Artists may create artwork that is powered by wind, water, lightning, earthquakes etc. that  re-envisions or  propose new ways for us to co-exist with our environment. It may reclaim and remediate damaged environments, restoring ecosystems in artistic and aesthetic ways.

4. Pablo Picasso’s full name was Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Clito Ruíz y Picasso. He was named after various saints and relatives. The “Picasso” is actually from his mother, Maria Picasso y Lopez. His father is named Jose Ruiz Blasco.

5. Early Art Education teaches children: to be more tolerant and open, promotes individuality, and self-confidence, improves academic performance, helps develop basic mental and physical capabilities, and improves interpersonal communications.  Young people who participate in the arts every week are more likely to participate and be recognized in academic activities such as math and science.

Related Books:
The Art Lover’s Almanac : Serious Trivia for the Novice and the Connoisseur

Facts On File Encyclopedia Of Art ( 5 vol. set)

Sources: Wikipedia (pyrography), DAF (Faberge), DAF (Environmental Art), Neatorama (Picasso), Olney Elementary Visual Arts

Filed Under: ART, Art-e-Facts, Eco-Art, Sculpture Tagged With: Early Art Education, Environmental Art, Fabergé Eggs, Pablo Picasso, Pyrography

On-line Picasso Project

April 20, 2009 By Wendy Campbell

Pablo Picasso is one of my favourite artists and I plan to do a more in-depth profile of him in a later post.  But if you’re a Picasso fan, the On-line Picasso Project is a website you shouldn’t miss.

The On-line Picasso Project is non-profit project that catalogues an amazingly large number of Picasso’s works and a timeline of the artist’s life. It was created in 1997 by Dr. Enrique Mallén from Sam Houston State University. The website contains over 16,000 catalogued artworks, over 6,000 notes, and thousands of commentaries, biographical entries, and archived news articles.

The interface allows the user to easily browse through images and files according to date.  Clicking on an image from the summary page will bring up a small window – a sort of mini web page that details the artwork being viewed. Clicking on the image in the mini page enlarges the work so the viewer can see the finer details.

You can literally spend hours on this site (I have), and the chronological organization of the project allows you to witness Picasso’s development as an artist over the course of his life. The sheer volume of his work is staggering and this database represents about only a third of his estimated 50,000 works. The Guinness Book of Records actually named Picasso as the most prolific painter in history. So set some time aside and check out the On-line Picasso Project, you won’t be disappointed.

Filed Under: ART, Art History, E-Learning Tagged With: On-Line PIcasso Project, Pablo Picasso

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